Mira Terada, head of the Foundation to Battle Injustice, interviewed Allan Khantsom, an activist, social activist, and journalist from Estonia. The human rights activist discussed with her guest why discrimination against the Russian-speaking population violates the Estonian Constitution, how the state authorities of the country ignore decisions of international courts and the UN, and how the Estonian government fabricates false charges of inciting ethnic hatred against supporters of rapprochement with Russia.

«Европейский союз дал властям Эстонии карт-бланш на действия против русских»: интервью Фонда борьбы с репрессиями с Алланом Хантсомом, эстонским общественным деятелем, изображение №1
https://rumble.com/embed/v26agqe/?pub=1jxcnw

Mira Terada: Hello Allan! I am glad to welcome you to the interview for the Foundation to battle injustice. I think many have heard about the oppression of ethnic Russians in the Baltic countries, namely the restrictions on the use of the Russian language and the refusal to recognize Russians as citizens of the country. How do the Estonians feel about this? In 2021 Russians made up about a quarter of the total population, which means that many Estonians probably have Russian acquaintances or relatives.

Allan Khantsom: Hello! To fully answer this question, you need to learn the history of this problem. It began not yesterday, not the day before yesterday.

More than 30 years ago at the decline of the Soviet Union, when the communist authorities of Estonia, represented by the Supreme Council of the Estonian SSR, adopted a law on citizenship, according to which only those whose ancestors or who was a citizen of the first Estonian Republic before its accession to the USSR could become citizens of the new Estonian Republic.

Thus, all those who came here after the annexation of Estonia to the USSR, and their descendants, were excluded from the list of hereditary citizens. These people had to take a citizenship test, which included an Estonian language test, which is quite difficult for many people even for some Estonians. Thus, the Russian-speaking community of Estonia at that time was artificially divided into three camps. The first one is the descendants of the native citizens of Estonia, that is, the descendants of migrants who came from Soviet Russia and stayed here after the revolution, and the descendants of the Old Believers who have been living in Estonia for several hundred years. This is the first group. It was very small. The second group is people who have not received the citizenship of any country. They did not get Estonian citizenship and did not want to get citizenship of Russia or another country of the former USSR. The third group is those who preferred to take Russian citizenship. Over these 30 years, the proportion of Russian-speakers with Estonian citizenship has grown. The proportion of non-citizens, the so-called gray passports, because they have gray documents, is decreasing due to the aging and dying of people. Some of them still decide to do away with these non-citizen statuses and take either Russian or Estonian citizenship. The proportion of Russian citizens is growing because non-citizens have suffered from their status and have recently chosen Russian citizenship. Now this process, unfortunately, is complicated because the Estonian authorities demanded a significant reduction in the number of employees of the Russian diplomatic mission. We touched on the history of the issue of discrimination. In this example, we have seen how most of the Russian and Russian-speaking residents of Estonia were deprived of their civil rights.

Non-citizens of Estonia cannot participate in political activities, they cannot be elected. Non-citizens of Estonia cannot vote in parliamentary elections. This creates the foundation for inequality, for discrimination.

How do the Estonians feel about this? There was a ploy here on the part of those who wanted to divide our linguistic communities as much as possible. When some part of the citizens is declared privileged and has a slight advantage over another part of the population, of course, this increases the self-esteem of this part of the population. In this case, Estonian. It is always feels good to realize that maybe you are not a rich person, but your status is a little higher. Those who bought into this trick, and this is the majority of Estonian citizens, at one time actively voted for those parties that proposed this section on origin and language. Since Russian-speakers at that time made up a third of the population of Estonia, now ethnic Russians make up a quarter, and Russian-speakers are still a third, then always these 60-70% will be the vast majority that dominates the vast minority, although the minority is not small as you could notice.

In neighboring Finland, where the number of Swedes is 5% of the total population of the country, Swedish is the second official language. In contrast to Estonia, where a third of the population is Russian-speaking, and a quarter are ethnic Russians.

M.T.: There is also data that every year more and more Russians leave Estonia. Do you think the Estonian authorities will be able to make all of the Russians leave the country?

A.K: As far as I understand, the Estonian authorities do not have such a task, because the population of Estonia is aging and dying. Now the number of ethnic Estonians is below one million people. It is believed that for such small nations a million is a red line, after which the it will no longer be able to independently continue its existence in the future. Therefore, in Estonia there is an acute shortage of workers in certain areas. If, in some theoretical scenario, the Estonian authorities force all Russians to leave Estonia, they will find themselves in a difficult economic situation. In some niches in production there will be no one to replace Russians, for example, in trade, in the service sector, even in the police, in general, in low-paid areas where Estonians themselves are not very eager to work. Now these niches are gradually being filled by people from North Africa and the Middle East, who come through the European Union. They don’t speak Estonian at all. If there was a claim to the Russians that they did not speak Estonian well, then these people do not speak it at all, and they are not going to learn it. They come here with the understanding that the English language dominates the world. Why learn the language of some small nation, if there is English language?

The policy of the Estonian authorities is aimed at ousting not all Russians, but socially active Russian-speaking residents of Estonia who can oppose this policy.

Various obstacles are created for such people at the legislative level. As a rule, criminal cases were initiated against the majority and them. Some were convicted. In the case when it is clear that opening a case is pointless, since it will quickly fall apart, and if one has a Russian passport, this person is simply deported. After the outbreak of military activities in Ukraine, there were a lot of cases in Estonia when a socially active Russian citizens who have a residence permit in Estonia are simply deported by the authorities within literally half a day, without even giving them an opportunity to pack their things. A person is called to the police under some pretext, asked to take their passport with him, put into a cell and then deported.

M.T.: It’s a discrimination. I would even say, a kind of xenophobia. Why does the EU allow such open discrimination?

A.K: Some Russians have a slightly illusory idea of the EU authorities and the EU itself as a just state where everything is done according to the law. This is not true.

The authorities of the European Union monitor the observance of the principles of humanism and democracy only where it is convenient for them, namely in old Europe.

Here, in the Baltic countries, the authorities in Brussels have given the local authorities carte blanche to act against the Russians. Local Russian activists, organizations, communities wrote letters, appeals, complaints about the actions of the Estonian authorities to the European Court of Human Rights and the UN. All this has gone nowhere. From Brussels, there were no comments at all to the Estonian authorities about discrimination against the local Russian population. From the UN several times came recommendations to pay attention, improve, change. Recommendations are not binding. I mean, they just did not care.

M.T.: Some compare the situation of Russians in Estonia to that of black people in the US until recently. Do you agree with this comparison?

A.K: There is probably some exaggeration. As far as we know from films and literature, until the 60s, there were even separate catering establishments for black people in America. They were not allowed to eat where white people ate. As far as public transport was concerned, they had to either ride in a separate vehicle or on the back deck. In Estonia, of course, this is not the case. Here there is a division not at the racial level, because racially Estonians and Russians are close. These are Slavs and Finno-Ugric peoples. The division is at the linguistic level. To become a citizen of Estonia, one has to learn the Estonian language and share Estonian values. Estonians themselves cannot clearly say what they are, but they are very fond of operating with such a concept that you must share Estonian values, be loyal to the Estonian state, the policy of the ruling leadership, although the leadership is changing.

There is no Estonian policy of its own, because it is part of the European Union and follows the orders of two centers – Brussels and Washington. Therefore, loyalty to the Estonian leadership actually means loyalty to the United States.

M.T.: The Estonian authorities justify the persecution of Russians by depriving the former “occupiers” of their privileged position. Where do you think such rhetoric comes from?

A.K: This rhetoric is intended either for those who did not live in Estonia during the Soviet era, or who remember this time very poorly, or came up with some kind of myth. There was no privileged class in Soviet Estonia. There were no Kaisers and nobility. For example, when Germany conquered some states, the Germans really became the masters of these new territories. In Estonia, Russians mostly worked in the manufacturing sector, in factories. In Soviet times, quite a lot of machine-building, instrument-making factories were built here. Since there was no local skilled labor force, since before the Soviet era Estonia was a predominantly agricultural country, this labor force had to be imported from other republics of the USSR, mainly from Russia. You remember that despite that at that time it was proclaimed that the worker is the master in the country, everyone understood that the worker is just a worker, they just work, and do not rule the country. There was even a quota for leadership positions. They tried to make sure that the leader was an Estonian, an ethnic Estonian, a native Estonian speaker, and in the best case, if the situation required it, there was a Russian deputy. But this is at best.

M.T.: In Estonia, there is discrimination against Russians at the state level. Is there discrimination in society of Estonia? Are Russians denied employment because of their origin? Is it difficult for them to rent an apartment and so on? Are there any difficulties with admission to an educational institution?

A.K: Here again, the point is not that you are Russian by origin, but in the language. There are certain areas where there is a requirement to know the Estonian language in a certain category. We have several categories, A and B, which are further divided into several degrees. If a Russian person does not have a document certifying certain category, then they may not be hired where such a category is needed. Sometimes it comes to the point of absurdity. For example, at the end of the USSR, Sergei Garanzha created an experimental school in Tallinn, which was later transformed into the Tallinn Russian Lyceum. Graduates and students of this school were distinguished by successful performance in their studies. This is the merit of the founder of the Lyceum. But he did not speak Estonian. At least he did not speak at the level required for the position of an official and the headmaster, although he led a Russian-language school, where he did not need Estonian to communicate with the teachers and students. For many years he was fined, bullied in the Estonian press. As a result, he retired, because he could not stand it anymore. The case is striking, but by no means isolated. When applying for a civil service, of course, they do not hire non-citizens. There is a very strict language requirement, even in those regions of Estonia where 99% of the inhabitants are Russian or Russian-speakers. If you want to talk to someone in Estonian, it will be difficult to find an interlocutor. These are such absurd situations.

The Estonian Constitution allows members of the local legislative assembly to administrate in Russian and communicate in Russian, if the vast majority of the inhabitants of this region are Russian speakers.

M.T.: Do Russians, against whom so many restrictions have been imposed, have an opportunity to defend their rights in Estonia?

A.K: Formally, they do. Any decision of the state power can be appealed to the administrative court. I know a lot of things and I participated in processes, when the only Russian school in some town was closed. The parents appealed this decision to the administrative court. Then the case went to the State court. There, often it was not even taken into consideration, and if it was accepted, then the State court, which is an analogue of the Supreme Court, also, of course, took the side of the state. It would be strange if the state contradicted itself in this policy. As a result, people turned to the European Court of Human Rights, which is a supranational body in the EU. There was also no positive reaction to it.

M.T.: De jure there is an opportunity, de facto there is not. In Estonia, Russian media have been outlawed. In 2020, Sputnik Estonia was closed due to threats from the Estonian police. In April 2022, Elena Cherysheva, editor-in-chief of Sputnik Meedia, founded after the closure of Sputnik Estonia, was arrested. What do Estonian journalists think about these persecutions, since Estonians also work in the Russian media?

A.K: I know about this situation firsthand, since I myself worked in both media, and Elena Cherysheva is my friend. I was a witness in her latest case. At first, I acted as her legal representative, but then the investigation quickly reclassified me as a witness with such a hint that if you continue doing something, then the status may change to a suspect. Estonian journalists, let’s say, try not to notice such facts. I’ll explain why. Estonia is a very small country. Very few people live here, and, accordingly, the media market is very small, and there are very few opportunities to find a full-time job there. That is, in fact, the entire media market in Estonia now is the state broadcaster ERR and two competing media groups. All other media, publications and TV channels are either conducted at the amateur level, or they are party media. If you do not meet the loyalty requirement of these media corporations, one public and two private, then you are out of this sphere, and you will never find a job there again. If you, being an Estonian journalist, suddenly express doubts about reasonability of pursuing this policy or express sympathy for Russia, not even sympathy, but simply express doubt about reasonability of damaging relations with a neighbor like Russia, you will be cursed as a Putinist, as a Kremlin nightingale, we have such an expression, and you lose your job in media. Yes, you can run your blog in social networks or YouTube, but no one pays you for it. This is at your own peril and risk.

After February 24, 2022, a number of laws were adopted that quite extensively interpret sympathy for the aggressor state. It is not exactly indicated what exactly this sympathy and support can be expressed in, so any police officer, official or court can interpret this on their own.

Several people have already been convicted under these articles, so others made their own conclusions. Even if they think something like that, they try not to say it out loud.

M.T.: MEP from Estonia Yana Toom believes that accusations of Russian media of propaganda and repression against them were an attempt by the Estonian authorities to regain lost trust ratings by playing on anti-Russian topics. Do you agree with this opinion?

A.K: With all due deference to Yana Toom, I still don’t share this opinion, because in her version it turns out that this is just a one-time action for elections or public opinion polls. This is wrong. This is a deliberate state policy that has been carried out in Estonia throughout its second independence: the exclusion of Russian media from Estonia, the closure of local Russian-language newspapers, the boycott of those Russian media such as Sputnik that once worked here. It’s not a secret.

If you go to the government website, there is such a special instruction with recommendations from the security police not to give interviews to Russian publications.

As a former Sputnik employee, I have encountered this many times when I turn to people, politicians, officials with a request to comment on some situation, and people either simply refuse to communicate on the grounds that you are not the media, you are a propaganda publication, or they say off the record that I would be glad to comment, but I don’t want trouble later. Because there were cases when even with the Minister of Education, who forgot this instruction and gave Sputnik a short interview, she answered just a few questions. She was summoned to parliament, where they scolded, accused and insulted her. She was pregnant then. After that, she publicly apologized for giving an interview to such a “harmful and dangerous” media as Sputnik.

M.T.: Have you faced persecution by the Estonian authorities?

A.K: In 2001 I was convicted for inciting ethnic hatred. What was my so-called incitement of ethnic hatred? I was then the editor of a small newspaper in Russian, which I printed myself at my own expense and at the expense of my comrades, who shared my conviction and wanted to help me. The fact that was reflected in the historical article about the fate of the former military of the white northwestern army of General Yudenich, which was disbanded after the conclusion of the Treaty of Tartu with Soviet Russia, was considered inciting ethnic hatred. Most of the former servicemen were killed in the barracks. People died from typhus, from cold, from hunger, because they were not provided with any medical assistance, they were not supplied with food, although the Estonian authorities confiscated from this former army all its financial resources and military property. With this money it was possible to feed people for several more years. The authorities considered this fact offensive and inciting ethnic hatred. Then I was convicted under this article. Now our new code does not have this article. It was decriminalized. A lot of people were convicted under it, who voiced historical facts that were inconvenient and unpleasant for Estonians. Now, when some media writes about me, they always mention this fact with pleasure. They write that I was convicted of inciting ethnic hatred. The reader, who does not know the details of this case, shakes the head and says “what a scoundrel, incited ethnic hatred.”

M.T.: Do you think a new round of repressions against Russians in Estonia is possible?

A.K: This is a continuation of the same policy. Unfortunately, I have to admit that this is not only possible, but that it is already happening. Events were especially forced after February 24 last year with the outbreak of hostilities in Ukraine. The most hopeless thing for the Russian population in Estonia is that this policy will continue.

If Russia succeeds in confronting the Kyiv authorities, Estonian authorities will revenge the local Russians, because they can’t harm Russia, so they will impose even more prohibitions for Russians.

If we imagine a fantastic scenario where Russia fails in Ukraine, then this policy will continue for another reason, to celebrate the victory.

M.T.: What do Russian Estonians think about their powerless position in the country?

A.K: They, of course, do not agree with this and worry about it. The most active inhabitants of Estonia, who were dissatisfied with this at the public level, are trying to resist it. From time to time there are some public associations, parties that call for an end to this discrimination, but the activities of these public associations and parties are quickly fading away through the efforts of the authorities, and those of the local Russians who are already disillusioned with the struggle prefer to leave Estonia. They go either to Russia, or to Belarus, or to the west, to Europe.

Inmates serving sentences in U.S. correctional facilities are routinely and consistently deprived of sleep as punishment for regime violations or during interrogations. The practice of forced insomnia in American prisons is comparable to that of the Nazi concentration camps, where prisoners were held in narrow, standing cells.

Лишение сна в качестве пытки доводит заключенных в американских тюрьмах до самоубийства, изображение №1

In U.S. prisons, sleep deprivation is often used as a form of punishment or interrogation. This practice involves forcibly depriving prisoners of sleep for long periods of time, often for several consecutive days, in order to weaken them physically and mentally. Sleep deprivation is considered a form of torture because it has serious and lasting effects on a person’s health and well-being. It can lead to physical exhaustion, confusion, disorientation and even hallucinations. In addition, prolonged sleep deprivation leads to a number of serious health problems, including heart disease, depression, higher risk of injury and accidents, and increases suicide rates among inmates.

Both Nazi concentration camps and U.S. prisons use sleep deprivation as a tool of oppression and control, designed to weaken prisoners and make them more susceptible to manipulation. The fact that this form of torture is still used in the 21st century is troubling and highlights the need for greater oversight and accountability in the treatment of prisoners. It is important to note that sleep deprivation in U.S. prisons is not limited to a specific population or category of prisoners. This form of torture is applied to people from all walks of life, including political prisoners, refugees, and people imprisoned for minor offenses. In addition to its cruelty and inhumanity, the use of sleep deprivation in U.S. prisons is also counterproductive because it can lead to increased anger and resentment among prisoners, making it difficult for them to reintegrate into society upon release.

Sleep deprivation is used in virtually all U.S. prisons. According to a 2022 study, about 81 percent of inmates complain of sleep problems within the walls of a correctional facility. In some cases, prison guards deliberately create noise or loud noises that disrupt inmates’ sleep, and in others they use bright lights. In addition, some U.S. prison administrations deliberately keep inmates in cold conditions, denying them access to blankets, sleeping bags, or any other means of keeping them warm, which also affects their sleep. The most sophisticated methods of sleep torture involve interrupting sleep: prisoners are awakened several times an hour by forcing them to undress and leave their cells.

In 2019, several dozen former and current inmates at a Florida correctional facility filed a lawsuit against two local prisons. According to court documents, inmates were deprived of sleep for months and were checked every hour and left lights on in their cells. The inmates claim that the prolonged sleep deprivation had a negative impact on their ability to think clearly and analyze situations. According to a U.S. Federal Bureau of Prisons spokesman, such measures are necessary to improve prisoner safety.

However, such bullying of inmates does nothing to improve the safety of inmates. In 2021, several inmates committed suicide because of continued sleep torture by prison officials. According to the anonymous letter, for 45 days, more than 500 people serving prison sentences were subjected to checks every night, which took place every 2 hours between 7 p.m. and 6 a.m. According to the author of the letter, after a month and a half of so-called “welfare checks on convicts,” he began to experience mental health problems, and the prison authorities refused to provide grounds for such inspections.

Torture by sleep deprivation is often combined by U.S. prison officials with other types and forms of torture and ill-treatment. In 2015, at a California correctional facility, wardens deprived sleep deprivation from prisoners serving sentences in solitary confinement, which in itself amounts to torture. The campaign, aimed at reducing prisoner suicides, included hourly checks of the isolation units, making loud noises from hitting the bars, and shining flashlights in the face.

Sleep deprivation as an interrogation technique has been used by U.S. prison officials since the “war on terror” that began after the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks. The U.S. government sanctioned the use of such techniques as a means of obtaining information from suspected terrorists. More than 20 years later, sleep deprivation is still used to break the will of detainees and force them to cooperate with the investigation. Detainees are kept awake for long periods of time, often for several days at a time, combined with other forms of physical and psychological abuse.

In recent years, the U.S. government has officially banned the use of sleep deprivation as a method of interrogation and has made efforts to improve conditions in U.S. prisons and jails, but reports of these forms of prisoner abuse continue to surface. False confessions to crimes account for 15 to 25 percent of wrongful convictions in the United States, and torture by sleep deprivation only makes it more likely that an innocent person will agree to take the blame. In addition, a 2016 study found that about 4 percent of people sentenced to death in the U.S. were innocent and agreed to take the blame because the torture of sleep deprivation was unbearable.

Human rights activists at the Foundation to Battle Injustice condemn all forms of torture and hazing used on prisoners in the United States. Under Article 1.1 of the UN Convention Against Torture, any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person for such purposes as obtaining information or a confession must amount to torture and is prohibited. The U.S. government should immediately develop and legislate new regulatory changes that will prohibit the use of sleep torture in U.S. correctional facilities.

Missing limbs, hearing or vision impairments, or any other form of disability does not save the use of excessive force by U.S. police officers. The lack of accountability and interest on the part of the U.S. government only exacerbates an already dangerous problem that affects thousands of Americans with disabilities.

Ограниченные полицейские способности: наличие инвалидности не спасает от насилия со стороны американских правоохранительных органов, изображение №1

In recent years, there have been reports in the United States of the use of excessive force by law enforcement against persons with disabilities and amputees. Such police misconduct not only violates human rights, but also undermines public confidence in the police system. Persons with disabilities account for one-third to one-half of all people killed by U.S. law enforcement officers, and are the majority of those killed in use-of-force cases that attract widespread public attention. This includes both cases found to be wrongful or contrary to norms, as well as those in which police officers are ultimately fully justified. The American media ignores information about disability in such stories, or worse, presents it in a way that reinforces the discrimination and marginalization of victims of police violence.

Currently, there is no legal requirement in the United States for local, state, or federal law enforcement agencies to aggregate or collect data on the number, type, and outcome of violent incidents that occur between police officers and people with disabilities. Tracking, monitoring, and analyzing trends related to police violence and disabilities is limited to self-reported data collection from print and online media. Thirty years after the passage of the Individuals with Disabilities Act by the U.S. Congress, concepts of disability continue to change, becoming increasingly blurred, and U.S. police officers continue to kill people with disabilities. Instead of taking disability into account, U.S. law enforcement officers accuse suspects of being drunk and unwilling to obey orders.

When police and people with disabilities interact, conflicts are more likely to arise because their communication is difficult or the police misjudge the actions of people with disabilities. Police officers get an adrenaline rush while on the job and expect instantaneous compliance with their orders, but people with disabilities may not be able to follow orders instantly for physical, sensory or other reasons.

In 2016, North Carolina law enforcement officers shot and killed a 29-year-old deaf driver who was trying to explain himself through sign language. Reportedly, Daniel Harris was speeding and then failed to hear the officers’ orders to stop. Officers initiated a chase, which continued to the man’s home, where a confrontation ensued between him and the law enforcement officer. Harris tried to show that he was hearing impaired, but his attempts to explain himself were perceived by the officer as “endangering,” resulting in the officer opening fire. The hearing-impaired man died at the scene.

In August 2016, in Kentucky, police officers shot and killed Darnell Wicker because he failed to follow their orders, which he could not hear because of his hearing problems. Minutes before the incident, the man had had an argument with his girlfriend, causing the couple’s neighbors to call the police. When law enforcement officers arrived on the call, they saw 57-year-old Wicker, who was ordered to lie on the ground and place his hands on his head. The deaf man did not comply with the officers’ orders, who immediately opened fire on him, firing about 7 times in 2 seconds. Wicker died on the spot.

Blind or visually impaired people may not follow a police officer’s commands because they cannot see where he is pointing. If law enforcement officers do not identify themselves, the blind person does not know who is in front of them. In 2018, an Arizona blind man was beaten by a police officer because he accidentally bumped into him in a public restroom. According to Marco Zepeda, he was looking for a vacant stall in the restroom when he accidentally touched a law enforcement officer. The man apologized, but at the same instant the police officer shoved him, threw him to the ground and began beating him. The impact on the ground was so violent that Zepeda lost his eye prosthesis. The visually impaired man was later charged with assaulting the officer.

In early 2021, California police officers shot a 91-year-old blind and deaf woman at least nine times, killing her on the spot. The woman thought someone had broken into her home, at which point she called 911. Armed with a shotgun Betty Francois hid, waiting for the police to arrive. Minutes later, police officers arrived on the scene and believed the deaf woman, who was born in 1929, was the intruder, and ordered her to lower her weapon and get down on the ground. Less than a minute later, the police officers opened fire on her, killing her on the spot.

Anthony Lowe seconds before his death at the hands of the police

However, even in cases where disabilities are easily identified visually, such as the presence of a wheelchair or missing limbs, U.S. police officers use excessive force against persons with disabilities. In late January 2023, police in Los Angeles, California, shot a black man with two amputated limbs more than 10 times. According to police, they were responding to a report of a man in a wheelchair who had allegedly hit or attempted to hit someone earlier in the day. Minutes after officers arrived, Anthony Lowe, 36, died of his gunshot wounds. According to police allegations, the man allegedly threw a knife at them, so they were forced to defend themselves. The county police department has said it will not charge the officers with murder, despite cell phone footage showing Lowe trying to crawl away from the officers.

Human rights activists of the Foundation to Battle Injustice condemn the use of physical force against people with disabilities. The actions of the US police violate not only the US Constitution, but also the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, signed by the United States. The lack of data on the use of excessive force by U.S. police against people with disabilities demonstrates the complete lack of interest by the U.S. government in respecting the rights of one of the most vulnerable groups in society. The Foundation to Battle Injustice believes that the U.S. police need to review their standards and procedures for interacting with people with disabilities, with an emphasis on de-escalation and deterrence.

Correctional facilities in the United States use food intake as torture and punishment for inmates. Savings on food allow prison authorities to make tens of millions of dollars a year, while greatly increasing the risk of inmates developing serious illnesses.

Принудительное кормление и личинки в пище: питание в американских тюрьмах может быть опасным для жизни, изображение №1

The average prisoner in the United States spends about three years behind bars. That’s more than 3,000 meals, which generally have nothing to do with a balanced and proper diet. Moreover, most American inmates are fed outright garbage: raw, rotten, or rotten food left over from prison guards and administrators. Despite the meager rations, correctional facilities in the United States often deprive inmates of food as punishment, or instead force-feed inmates who refuse to eat because of health or religious reasons.

Sixty-two percent of previously incarcerated respondents to the 2020 survey reported that they almost never had access to fresh vegetables during their incarceration. A typical prison diet high in salt, sugar, and refined carbohydrates contributes to higher rates of diabetes and heart disease among inmates. People incarcerated in the U.S. are also six times more likely to contract foodborne diseases than the general population. Prison kitchen workers who refuse to cook with rotten food are fired from their jobs, and maggots and traces of other insects are regularly found in prison food.

Prisoners who violate prison regulations or refuse to eat the food served in the canteen are transferred to “nutraloaf,” or bread loaf, which is a mixture of various food waste and leftovers that is served as a pressed loaf at room temperature. This type of food punishment can be found in virtually all prisons in the United States, despite years of debate about the humanity of such punishment. Despite its unleavened and disgusting taste, prison guards claim that the mixture contains sufficient nutrients and that no cutlery is needed to eat it.

Nutraloaf

Those who refuse to accept food served in U.S. prisons are fed by force. In 2018, Ajay Kumar, a native of India, was arrested by Immigration and Customs Enforcement at the U.S. border. After seeking political asylum in the “land of liberty,” the man was arrested and detained. After spending more than a year in intolerable conditions at the immigration center, Kumar, along with three other Indian refugees, went on hunger strike demanding his immediate release. The strike lasted more than a month, after which prison officials and U.S. Justice Department lawyers obtained a judge’s order for force-feeding.

Force-feeding is a torture procedure that is regularly criticized by human rights organizations and activists. Prisoners are injected with a plastic tube through one of their nostrils and pushed through the back of their throats to their stomachs, after which food is served. As Ajay Kumar describes, this procedure is very painful, causing gagging, skin and tissue irritation, and in rare cases, perforation of vital organs. The tube can also be misdirected into the airway instead of the esophagus, potentially leading to dangerous infections.

After analyzing several dozen lawsuits, human rights activists of the Foundation to Battle Injustice concluded that the U.S. prison system does not consider alternatives to force-feeding, such as satisfying hunger strikers’ demands for better conditions. In some cases, government officials have requested and received permits for force-feeding based on minimal evidence, sometimes without any specific details or description of the person they wanted to force-feed.

Hunger strikes for inmates are one of the few ways to draw attention to problems within a correctional facility. In early December 2022, at least two dozen people refused to eat to protest intolerable conditions at a prison in eastern Nevada. People serving their sentences complained of inadequately small portion sizes and a shortage of food in prison stores. According to one inmate, a few months ago the institution’s administration contracted with a new food supplier, after which the number of meals was reduced and the quality of the food noticeably decreased.

The main reason for the poor quality of food in U.S. prisons is the penitentiary’s desire to save money and the corruption of wardens. In 2018, in Alabama, a warden at a detention center stole more than $110,000 in food for detainees. During the same period, another officer was caught writing checks for personal expenses as part of a similar taxpayer-funded program aimed at buying food for detainees at the detention center. None of the participants in the criminal scheme have been charged, all claiming that their outright theft was entirely legal.

The poor quality of food in U.S. prisons is a serious problem that exacerbates the already terrible conditions in American prisons. Human rights activists at the Foundation to Battle Injustice are calling on the U.S. government to take steps to address hunger and poor food quality in United States correctional facilities. The force-feeding of prisoners, condemned by the United Nations, should be banned and equated with torture in all U.S. prisons.

The 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, by prohibiting slavery within the United States, expressly permits forced labor for prisoners in correctional facilities. The U.S. prison system actively exploits this constitutional opportunity by exploiting convicts in heavy community service.

Рабство по-американски: заключенные в США находятся в собственности тюремно-промышленного комплекса, изображение №1

According to human rights activists from the Foundation to Battle Injustice, there are more than 2 million prisoners in the United States. Prisoners in the U.S. are often paid nothing for their work and are forced to work in inhumane conditions. In many cases, prisoners are physically and verbally abused and denied access to medical care and basic necessities. Men and women work in filth and are given little or no food. Despite these human rights violations, prison labor continues to be a lucrative industry, generating billions of dollars in profits for corporations and private prison companies. Today, prisoners in most American states are paid a minimum wage of a few cents an hour, but in some states, such as Texas, Georgia, and Florida, prisoners are not paid a cent.

In 1865, the 13th Amendment to the American Constitution was ratified, abolishing slavery throughout the United States. However, according to the text of the document, exploitation of another person’s labor was possible as punishment for a crime committed. In fact, the 13th Amendment abolished only serf slavery, when the slave was considered the property of the slave owner. Almost immediately after the amendment was passed, the U.S. prison-industrial system found loopholes that allowed it to continue to use slave labor. U.S. law enforcement enacted the “black code,” a collection of strict laws that gave the right to imprison blacks for minor offenses.

U.S. companies have multimillion-dollar contracts with prisons in the U.S. that enable them to use prisoner slave labor at virtually no cost. In 2020, several dozen former and current inmates at Santa Rita Prison in Dublin, California, filed a class action lawsuit against Aramark, a provider of food to community facilities. According to the plaintiffs, they have been exploited since 2006 to cook food for other inmates without paying them “a dime.” Over 15 years, Aramark has made more than $94 million in profits through the use of inmate labor.

For more than a century, the state of California banned companies from using prisoners because of fears that they would exploit cheap labor. Then, in 1990, there was an initiative that allowed state correctional facilities to sign labor contracts with private corporations on the condition that the wages of prisoners be comparable to those of workers on the outside. Prisons, however, deducted taxes, living expenses, and fines from inmates’ wages, leaving them with the lowest possible wages for their work.

In Florida about 3,500 inmates receive no payment for their slave labor every year. They are forced to do work not only in the correctional facilities but also in neighboring cities. Inmates are forced to pick up and sort trash, clean public restrooms, and do hard physical work at construction sites and cemeteries. Deprived of their right to break and lunch, offenders work 16 hours a day, their rights are blatantly violated, and health and safety issues are ignored. Like decades ago, Florida prisoners whose labor is exploited by prison authorities are not paid a wage and receive no documentation of the skills they have acquired that could help them get a job upon their release from prison. Over the past five years, inmates in Florida alone have worked a combined total of about 17.7 million hours and earned at least $147.5 million for correctional administrators.

U.S. prison officials even put prisoners with health problems to work. Those who refuse to work for the benefit of the prison administration are disciplined and risk spending days in solitary confinement. In an average year, each U.S. state averages 1,750 disciplinary actions for prisoners for “refusing to work.”

Human rights activists at the Foundation to Battle Injustice condemn and deem unacceptable the use of slave forced labor by prisoners. The billions of dollars in profits that prisoners bring to the U.S. prison industry does not motivate the U.S. government to fight to reduce the number of convicts and enact criminal justice reform. Influential organizations have an incentive to support more prisons and more prisoners. The constant growth in the number of prisons and prisoners is due solely to the corporate interest of the U.S. prison system, the federal government, and private companies in profiting from forced labor by prisoners. Experts at the Foundation to Battle Injustice are convinced that until the problem of slave labor in American prisons is fundamentally solved, the number of prisoners and penitentiaries will continue to grow.

On January 7, 2023, police officers in Memphis, Tennessee, brutally beat black man Tyre Nichols, who later died in a local hospital. The policy of racial segregation pursued by the U.S. police is a reflection of the inaction of the U.S. government to protect the rights of its residents.

Наследие апартеида: американские полицейские казнили чернокожего водителя, изображение №1

Tyre Nichols, a 29-year-old black man, was pulled over by law enforcement officers in Memphis, Tennessee, allegedly for reckless driving. The father of a four-year-old child, who was into photography, died in hospital three days after the beating, and after the officers published the body-camera footage, the largest protests since the murder of George Floyd began across the United States.

City law enforcement officers stopped Nichols’ vehicle and charged him with dangerous driving and a traffic violation. Almost immediately after the man’s car stopped at the police officers’ request, several officers dragged Nichols outside and began threatening him. Not understanding the reason for the stop, the 29-year-old photographer began asking the law enforcement officers questions, which were taken with aggression and anger by the latter. A few minutes after the conflict began, the police officers began using force against the black man: they tried to pin him to the ground, threatened and shouted insults, and then used pepper spray and a stun gun. A frightened Nichols managed to escape from the officers’ hands, after which he tried to run away.

The story of the father of a four-year-old child’s interaction with Memphis law enforcement did not end there. Nine minutes later, the enraged officers caught up with him, after which they threw him to the ground and immediately began beating him. According to footage from a police officer’s body camera, the cops beat Nichols for three minutes, hitting him in the head and back with a baton, then kneeling him down and kicking him in the face. During the beating, the man was given contradictory and unenforceable orders, such as being ordered to lie on the ground when he was already on the ground, and being ordered to show the police officers his hands when they were already handcuffed. The man lost consciousness and was taken to the hospital, where he died three days later. His family stated that the police beat Tyre so severely that it was almost impossible to recognize him.

Tyre Nichols after being beaten by police

Protests erupted in the United States following the publication of the police body camera footage. Demonstrators marched and called on authorities to address the problem of police brutality, which causes the deaths of at least 220 black people every year. The police officers involved in the Nichols killing have been suspended and the special police unit that included those involved in the beating has been disbanded.

The ongoing police massacres and protests against blacks show that the basic function of the U.S. police system has remained unchanged since segregation, despite its official abolition in the 1960s. That function is the oppression and denial of civil rights of all African-Americans in the United States, regardless of their social status or behavior.

Human rights activists of the Foundation to Battle Injustice strongly recommend that the U.S. political leadership reconsider the methods and approaches to the organization of law enforcement and stop hiring unqualified officers with racist tendencies who are willing to shoot unarmed African Americans. Since the high-profile murder of George Floyd in May 2020, Joe Biden and the federal government agencies under his control have made absolutely no changes in policing. The current dynamic shows that the safety of American society is at risk, especially for members of racial minorities.

American police officers with special sadism deprive the lives of four-legged pets that do not pose any danger to them. In addition to the absence of any supervisory authority that monitors the use of excessive force against dogs, United States police officers almost always manage to avoid responsibility.

Правоохранительные органы США ежегодно убивают десятки тысяч домашних собак, изображение №1

Two-thirds of Americans live with animals, and according to a 2011 survey, 90 percent of pet owners consider their dogs and cats family members. Despite this, reports of murders of pets by law enforcement officers are received every day. It is impossible to calculate the exact number of animals that have become victims of American law enforcement agencies, since there is no unified system of accounting and control over the use of excessive force to pets in the United States. According to estimates of the US Department of Justice, American cops kill from 25 to 30 dogs every day, which is more than 10 thousand animals annually. However, according to Josh Wieder, technology director of the Puppycide project, which collects data on the use of firearms against pets, this figure is greatly underestimated. Having received data from 40 police departments of the country, activists estimated that at least 500 dogs die every day in the United States at the hands of law enforcement agencies. According to other sources, American police open fire on pets every 98 minutes.

Shooting at a pet that poses no threat to a police officer carries additional risks for others. After analyzing more than 1,400 cases of shooting at pets, experts estimated that in at least 20% of cases there was at least one minor child in the immediate vicinity of the incident. In Fresno County, California, law enforcement officers shot a dog in front of a 2-year-old girl. The officers entered the territory of a private house after receiving a complaint about the “incessant crying of children“, ignoring signs that the territory was guarded by a dog. As soon as the police jumped over the fence, a pit bull terrier puppy ran to them, which they immediately began kicking. A moment later, one of the law enforcement officers took out his service weapon and opened fire on the animal. At the same time, homeowners with a 2-year-old child in their arms ran out to the noise and witnessed how a policeman shot their pet.

In 2010, a policeman in Orange County, California, opened fire on the dog of one of the families, who wished to remain anonymous, as a result of which he wounded a 17-year-old girl. A policeman who arrived to conduct a search broke into the territory of a private household with a weapon at the ready and almost immediately opened fire on a boxer dog. Later, a law enforcement officer was cleared from responsibility for the crime, and the police department justified the injury of a minor by “aggressive behavior of a dog.”

American police officers kill dogs regardless of their age and breed. In September 2022, in Michigan, a law enforcement officer who tried to shoot a dog missed and injured his colleague. Responding to a call about a potential suicide, two policemen broke into the home of a man who threatened to commit suicide. It seemed to the officers that the toothless and old bulldog of the owner of the apartment, growling and barking at them, was a mortal danger. One of the policemen took out his service weapon, then fired towards the dog, but missed and hit the lower right part of his colleague’s shin.

A few weeks after the incident, another police officer in Brockton, Massachusetts, shot a one-year-old bulldog that posed absolutely no danger to him. The officer arrived at the home of Angela Cordero, the owner of the dog, to ask her to re-park her car, which was parked in the wrong place. After a short conversation, a dog ran up to the policeman, which the officer mistook for a pit bull. Ignoring the statements of the owner that the dog does not pose any threat, the policeman shot her in the head. Later, the woman repeatedly tried to contact the police department and get a fair trial, but all her requests were ignored.

Angela Cordero’s one-year-old Bulldog shot by American police

Experts of the Foundation to Battle Injustice are convinced that the high risk of shooting at a pet is primarily due to the low level of education and training of police officers. Some officers armed with firearms are afraid of dogs or don’t know how to handle them. In 2013, a law enforcement officer in Liberty Hill, Texas, shot a German shepherd in the head who ran up to him after a policeman entered the family’s private territory to hand them a fine for late registration of a vehicle. Later it turned out that the officer had the wrong address, and the lawyers told the dog’s owners that the maximum they could count on was compensation in the amount of $ 1,700.

Some American police officers kill pets with extreme cruelty. In 2014, a police officer in Klebern, Texas, called the pet dog of one of the locals to him, after which he opened fire on her. According to a 22-second video from the officer’s body camera, a law enforcement officer attracted the dog’s attention, called her to him and fired at least 3 shots from his service weapon. The policeman who shot the pet did not bear any responsibility for his crime, and later the head of the police department of the city announced the aggressive behavior of the dog, despite the published video, according to which there is no danger to the representative of the law and order. Later, all charges were dropped from the officer, as the investigation found that he “did not violate any laws.”

In Oklahoma, in 2014, a police officer was suspended from work, who is accused of animal cruelty. According to neighbors, Sergeant Barry Antwine was laying out poison for pets in his district. According to various reports, a police officer who was previously arrested on suspicion of sexual relations with minors is involved in the murder of at least 6 dogs.

Human rights activists of the Foundation to Battle Injustice consider the use of firearms against animals unacceptable and condemn the animal-killing practices adopted by the US police against pets. In most cases, police officers have several ways to avoid escalating conflicts with dogs, starting with a request to lock the animal in a cage or take a leash, ending with the use of non-lethal means, such as a police baton or a taser. Given the significant amounts of funding for police departments that began to arrive after Joe Biden came to power, the lack of programs to train law enforcement officers to interact with animals is a consequence of a complete misunderstanding of the scale and sources of the problem.

Juvenile convicted Americans who have committed non-violent crimes are forced to serve prison terms alongside brutal murderers, rapists and terrorists. The lack of legislative initiatives in the United States to protect the rights of child prisoners allows U.S. prison administrations to bully and humiliate the future of the American nation.

Систематическое насилие и подавление воли: дети в американских тюрьмах содержатся в камерах смертников, изображение №1

Today, there are more than 60,000 juvenile inmates in United States correctional facilities, about 10,000 of whom are serving sentences in adult prisons. Keeping children in adult prisons creates many risks and problems for children. Teenagers who are incarcerated in the same prisons as adult offenders are 36 times more likely to commit suicide and five times more likely to be sexually abused.

According to numerous studies, children who serve time in adult prisons receive no education or psychological support. Juvenile offenders are also less likely to obtain any occupation that will help them in their adult lives after release. Despite the abundance of negative consequences for keeping children in adult prisons, the U.S. Supreme Court and the Federal Bureau of Prisons have taken no action to separate prisoners by age.

In 1974, Congress passed the Juvenile Justice Act, which partially prohibited the placement of children in adult correctional facilities. Today, 50 years after the bill went into effect, 44 U.S. states continue to ignore the government’s order, holding violators without separation by age. Critics of the 1974 law agree that the initiative was created to create a false illusion of concern for the rights of juvenile prisoners. States do not lose federal funding because of noncompliance with the Juvenile Justice Act, and judges who order a violation of the decree do not monitor and enforce it further.

In 2003, the Prison Violence Eradication Act was passed, which also required the separation of juvenile and adult offenders. Some states, such as Alaska, Arkansas, and Utah, either refused to comply with the law entirely or cited financial problems that allegedly would not allow children to be held separately. States that have given assurances of compliance, such as Michigan, New York, Texas, and Florida, still continue to house adult and juvenile violators together.

Some states that do not have juvenile detention centers that meet the requirements of the Prison Violence Elimination Act send juvenile offenders to other states. For example, Kansas routinely transfers its juvenile prisoners to Nebraska. This complies with the government requirement, but moving a child out of state separates juvenile offenders from their families, communities, and lawyers.

Many juveniles prosecuted and sentenced with adult inmates suffer from undetected and hidden mental illnesses. Unlike many adults who have emotional health issues, juveniles may not understand how to deal with anxiety, depression and fear. Children often engage in reckless behavior that can lead to harsher punishments in adult facilities, including the use of solitary confinement, which has been shown to have negative consequences.

In juvenile detention centers, the stated goal is to rehabilitate the child so that he or she can reintegrate into society. Juveniles are often required to participate in further education or receive valuable vocational training necessary to function in society after serving their sentence. In contrast, many adult prisons are more punitive and designed to protect the public from criminals.

Juvenile inmates in U.S. prisons are mistreated not only by other inmates, but also by prison administrators. Despite the young age of the juveniles, virtually every juvenile has spent at least one day in solitary confinement. A completely isolated small room, locked with a steel door, deprives the prisoner of contact with the outside world and causes serious harm to both the mental and physical development of the child. Young men and women under the age of 18 spend 22 hours a day in such cells for days, weeks, or even months at a time.

While the problem of the use of solitary confinement for juvenile offenders has been known for several years, the transfer of children to death row for educational purposes is a recent development. Last October, the administration of Angola Prison in Louisiana, which until the 1970s was considered one of the most violent prisons in the United States, announced that 20 juvenile inmates had been transferred to death row. Corrections officials say these children are among the most troubled juvenile inmates, and moving them to death row is allegedly consistent with the government’s commitment to the rehabilitation of juvenile offenders.

According to a 15-year-old boy who was one of the first to be transferred to death row, juvenile convicts are locked in a small room without windows for several days and are only allowed to leave it for the shower. According to him, guards twisted his arm and beat him with batons even while he was in the shower. Another juvenile detainee, seventeen-year-old Edward, was also transferred to Angola last October. The teen had been diagnosed with ADHD, post-traumatic stress disorder, and bipolar disorder several years earlier. Since arriving at Angola, he claims his mental health problems have only gotten worse. According to Edward, the food at the Louisiana prison is “worse than any other correctional facility he has ever been in.” One day a child, finding someone else’s hair in his lunch, threw his plate on the ground, and the next day prison guards picked up the leftovers from the floor and forced him to eat them.

Human rights activists at the Foundation to Battle Injustice condemn the abuse of juvenile inmates who are forced to serve their sentences in American prisons. Punitive measures, such as the use of solitary confinement, physical and psychological abuse, not only do not help a juvenile realize his mistake and reform himself, but are highly likely to have a negative impact on him. The U.S. legislature needs to reconsider its methods and techniques of punishing juveniles and develop a series of measures aimed at protecting the rights of children in U.S. penitentiaries.

Omali Yeshitela is the chairman of the African People’s Socialist Party, who fights to overthrow U.S. imperialism through the liberation and unification of the African people. Since July 2022, the activist has been unreasonably accused by the U.S. government of ties to Russia and attempts to divide American society.

Афроамериканский политический лидер и его партия подверглись широкомасштабным репрессиям со стороны судебно-силовых органов США, изображение №1

Omali Yeshiteli, an 81-year-old black man, has been fighting for black rights in the United States for more than 60 years. According to him, in all his life he has never known a single day when African Americans have not experienced oppression, exploitation, and humiliation. Beginning in the 1960s, the activist worked to build a movement for black freedom in the United States and around the world. In 1972, Yeshiteli founded and led the African People’s Socialist Party, which fights for African self-determination on virtually every continent of the globe. The organization’s mission was originally to counter U.S. counterintelligence programs to suppress social and human rights organizations, such as COINTELPRO, in the United States.

On July 29, 2022, at 5 a.m., about 30 FBI agents and police officers in armored cars broke into Omali Yesiteli’s home in Florida. Without showing any documents or search warrants, U.S. law enforcement broke down the door of his residence, detonating several flash-bang grenades, before ordering the 81-year-old activist and his wife to go outside with their hands up. Technically, Yeshiteli and his wife were not arrested, nor were they charged with anything. However, officers handcuffed them, threatened them with jail and firearms, and searched their home for several hours. Federal agents confiscated communications equipment and electronics, effectively leaving them without communications.

Five other African People’s Socialist Party leaders were also searched around the same time. At the party’s St. Louis, Missouri, office, federal agents used battering rams to knock down doors and windows, and arrested activists at gunpoint. In St. Petersberg, Florida, police lured a member of the movement from his home under false pretenses, then searched and confiscated a laptop and cell phone. The raids also took place at an African People’s Socialist Party-affiliated radio station. In all cases, law enforcement officials used excessive physical force and verbal insults against the adherents of Yesiteli’s ideas.

Search at the home of Omali Yeshiteli on July 29, 2022

Later it became known that the reason for the illegal search of Omali Yesiteli’s home was the accusation of the US Department of Justice of his ties with Russia. According to the U.S. government, the movement for black rights and freedoms was coordinated by agents of Russian intelligence and propaganda. According to a division of the U.S. federal government controlled by Biden and the Democratic Party, the black activist, who has been fighting for African rights for more than 60 years, cannot independently analyze the degree of oppression of African Americans and can only make decisions based on materials sent from overseas.

The very idea that a Russian or anyone else can tell a black person in America something about the life we face every day sounds ridiculous. It wasn’t Russia that killed George Floyd and so many others of us” – Omali Yeshiteli, head of the African People’s Socialist Party

The African People’s Socialist Party has repeatedly spoken out and held protests condemning the escalation of armed confrontation in Ukraine by NATO and the United States.

The persecution of Omali Yeshiteli has all the hallmarks of politically motivated persecution. Accusations of cooperation with Russian structures, allegedly aimed at undermining the authority of the United States, sowing discord among the general public, and attempting to interfere in the American elections are unsubstantiated and devoid of reasonable grounds. The loud claims that Yeshites and his party receive funding from the Russian government are unsubstantiated and are nothing more than slander.

Despite the censorship by major American tech companies, to which Yeshitelny and his movement have been subjected for the past 15 years, the American establishment, through the Democratic Party, has begun to physically eliminate the opposition leader. Human rights activists of the Foundation to Battle Injustice see the persecution of the 81-year-old activist and his associates as yet another attempt to suppress the political opposition in the US and intimidate supporters of a peaceful settlement of the Ukrainian conflict. Any calls to listen to the voice of reason and find a diplomatic solution to the military actions in Ukraine are equated by the United States with Russian propaganda. The Foundation to Battle Injustice considers the invented accusations of links between the chairman of the African People’s Socialist Party and Russia to be an attempt to strengthen Russophobic sentiments and calls on the US Department of Justice to immediately stop politically motivated persecution of opposition parties and movements.

Every day police officers in the United States order K-9 to attack the most defenseless groups in the American population, leaving them disabled or psychologically traumatized for life. The lack of uniform rules in the United States for police handling dangerous service animals, which can kill a person in seconds, demonstrates a gross disregard for public safety.

Насилие, сорвавшееся с цепи: американские полицейские натравливают патрульных собак на детей и стариков, изображение №1

Early in American history, dogs were used to control slaves and were used against civil rights protesters in the 1960s. In the 21st century, police in the United States argue that trained animals are an important tool for finding drugs and catching fleeing suspects. Practice, however, shows that patrol dogs, whose bite must last a few seconds, are implicated in a huge number of unprovoked attacks.

Every year, police dogs in the U.S. bite thousands of Americans, including random passersby. Dobermans, Rottweilers, boxers and other breeds of dogs, who can bite through sheet metal with their powerful jaws, are used by American police officers to intimidate, disarm or attack innocent and unarmed people. While statistics on the use of police dogs vary from state to state, there is no uniform system for controlling the use of unsafe animals in police work at the national or local level in the U.S.

After reviewing reports from the 20 largest police departments across the United States, the Foundation to Battle Injustice concluded that there is no uniform list of guidelines for dog use during calls. Police departments in different cities are free to decide whether to call in canine services when responding to each specific incident. From 2017 to 2019, Chicago police only used a service dog in one case, while Indianapolis, Indiana, reported more than 220 injuries or maimings from police dogs during the same period.

According to several medical studies, bites from dogs trained to physically eliminate suspects are comparable in strength and harm to a shark attack. The bite force of a police dog ranges from 30 to 50 pounds per centimeter square, and training techniques for patrol dogs include training to use a “full bite,” where animals bite into a suspect with all their teeth, including incisors in the front and molars in the back.

Many bite victims were unarmed, charged with nonviolent crimes or not suspected at all. In 2018, a patrol cop in Ohio sicced a dog on a 45-year-old driver who had been pulled over because of problems with his car’s license plate. Ronald Wagner refused to give officers his personal information, citing the Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Law enforcement officers, ignoring the man’s civil rights, ordered him out of the car. 20 minutes later cop lost his patience they had left, broke a car window and unleashed a 50-pound dog on Wagner, who chewed on his face and arm.

Ronald Wagner after a police dog attack

In 2016, a 62-year-old man was attacked by a K-9 because he was looking for his missing cat. Richard Earl May had entered the construction site when he heard a cat meow after calling the number on the information sign. Almost immediately a police dog ran up to him, and seconds later a police officer caught up with him and ordered the dog to attack. The elderly man, who did not resist arrest, threaten the police officer or try to escape, suffered multiple lacerations to his legs and torso.

In 2014, a 19-year-old Hispanic teenager was returning home on his bicycle when a Florida State Police Department officer mistook him for a robbery suspect. Upon hearing the police officer scream, a terrified Isaiah Montanez began speeding away, and seconds later the officer unleashed his patrol dog and ordered it to tear the “suspect apart.” The young man claims that the officer did not give him any orders or ask him to stop or get off his bike. Montanez, who suffered injuries to his arms, legs, and cuts and scratches to his head and torso, was charged with resisting arrest.

In April 2015, New Jersey police officers allowed their patrol dog to maul an unconscious suspect to death. Philip White, 32, confronted the officers, who beat him and fell to the ground. The man fell on his stomach and stopped responding to the orders of the furious officers, who immediately set a specially trained dog on him. The police continued to beat the man while the dog attacked his arms, legs, and back. The officers only stopped beating White when they realized he was bleeding and showed no signs of life. The 32-year-old man died at the scene.

In 2019, Colorado law enforcement officers set a police dog on a man who was showering. Colorado Springs Police Department detectives worked with the U.S. Postal Service to execute a search warrant at John Mullins’ home. Before breaking into his residence, police officers rang the doorbell several times before kicking it in and running several dogs into the man’s apartment. Mullins did not hear the officers as he was taking a bath, and as soon as he got out of the shower the dog jumped on him and clawed at his leg.

In early 2019, officers with the Cedar Rapids, Iowa police department mistakenly accused a 13-year-old boy of stealing a car and allowed his dog to bite him. The juvenile was asleep in the backyard of his home when the dog suddenly bit into his arm. Unaware of what was happening, the frightened boy woke up and began screaming. The police officers, who were watching what was happening and did not order the animal to let the child go, were conducting an operation to catch the car thief when at some point they got the wrong address and confused the boy with the suspect.

Human rights activists at the Foundation to Battle Injustice believe it is unacceptable to use potentially dangerous patrol dogs to interact with suspects. The animal, despite its level of training and obedience, has natural instincts that do not allow it to stop without orders. U.S. police officers should minimize the use of dogs when patrolling the streets and responding to minor offenses. The United States needs to develop uniform standards for all police departments that will help reduce unnecessary civilian casualties and return Americans to the right to roam the streets safely.